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Tropical Storm Dolly (2014)
Tropical Storm Dolly was a short-lived and disorganized tropical cyclone that caused moderate damage across Tamaulipas, Mexico, in early September 2014. Originating from a tropical wave, the system first became a tropical depression late on September 1 while situated over the Bay of Campeche. Dolly struggled against strong wind shear for the duration of its existence. The large system featured multiple circulations, sometimes becoming a new dominant center and other times simply rotating around a mean vortex. As a result, multiple center relocations occurred along its general west-northwest track. Dolly eventually made landfall in Tamaulipas on September 3 before degenerating into a remnant low. The system subsequently dissipated the following day.
Prior to Dolly's landfall, schools suspended classes and officials opened shelters across Tamaulipas and Veracruz. The storm produced widespread moderate to heavy rain in Mexico, with accumulations peaking at in La Encantada, Tamaulipas. Subsequent flooding caused damage amounting to at least 87 million pesos (US$6.5 million). One fatality was indirectly attributed to the storm. Moisture from Dolly also brought scattered storms to southern Texas.
==Meteorological history==
On August 19, 2014, a tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa. The system traversed the Atlantic over the next week with no signs of development. Convection finally increased once the wave entered the Caribbean Sea on August 27; however, it was not until August 30 when interaction with a Kelvin wave spurred organization. An area of low pressure consolidated within the system as it crossed the Yucatán Peninsula on August 31. Formation of a banding feature along the southeastern portion of the circulation on September 1 marked the system's transition into a tropical depression by 18:00 UTC while over the Bay of Campeche. Although situated over warm waters of , strong wind shear created an unfavorable environment and hindered intensification.〔 During this formative stage, the depression tracked northward as its center relocated before turning to the northwest and later west.〔 It was uncertain if a closed circulation truly existed due to conflicting data and the depression could have remained a trough until the afternoon of September 2.〔
Early on September 2, the depression acquired gale-force winds and became the fourth tropical storm of the 2014 season; accordingly, it was assigned the name ''Dolly'' at this time.〔 A tight pressure gradient between Dolly and a ridge over the Gulf of Mexico created a large area of tropical storm winds along the east side of the cyclone. Data Hurricane Hunters investigating the system indicate that Dolly achieved its peak winds of 50 mph (85 km/h) around 12:00 UTC. Winds up to 70 mph (110 km/h) were found within the deep convection to the storm's east but considered to be inflated by heavy rains and thus not representative of its actual strength.〔 Slight weakening took place shortly thereafter as the center relocated to the south. During this relocation, multiple circulations were observed rotating around a mean position with yet another vortex located well to the southeast. Around 01:00 UTC on September 3, Dolly's pressure fell to 1000 mbar (hPa; 29.53 inHg) marking the storm's peak intensity. Maintaining a due west course, Dolly made landfall just south of Tampico at 04:00 UTC with winds of 45 mph (75 km/h). Radar observations depicted a secondary center to the north that moved ashore near Altamira an hour later.〔 Once onshore, Dolly's circulation separated from all remaining convection and the storm degenerated into a remnant low later that day.〔 The system subsequently dissipated early on September 4.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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